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31.
Patricio H. Manríquez María Elisa Jara Mylene E. Seguel Rodrigo Torres Emilio Alarcon Matthew R. Lee 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
The combined effect of ocean acidification and warming is expected to have significant effects on several traits of marine organisms. The gastropod Concholepas concholepas is a rocky shore keystone predator characteristic of the south-eastern Pacific coast of South America and an important natural resource exploited by small-scale artisanal fishermen along the coast of Chile and Peru. In this study, we used small juveniles of C. concholepas collected from the rocky intertidal habitats of southern Chile (39°S) to evaluate under laboratory conditions the potential consequences of projected near-future levels of ocean acidification and warming for important early ontogenetic traits. The individuals were exposed long-term (5.8 months) to contrasting pCO2 (ca. 500 and 1400 μatm) and temperature (15 and 19°C) levels. After this period we compared body growth traits, dislodgement resistance, predator-escape response, self-righting and metabolic rates. With respect to these traits there was no evidence of a synergistic interaction between pCO2 and temperature. Shell growth was negatively affected by high pCO2 levels only at 15°C. High pCO2 levels also had a negative effect on the predator-escape response. Conversely, dislodgement resistance and self-righting were positively affected by high pCO2 levels at both temperatures. High tenacity and fast self-righting would reduce predation risk in nature and might compensate for the negative effects of high pCO2 levels on other important defensive traits such as shell size and escape behaviour. We conclude that climate change might produce in C. concholepas positive and negative effects in physiology and behaviour. In fact, some of the behavioural responses might be a consequence of physiological effects, such as changes in chemosensory capacity (e.g. predator-escape response) or secretion of adhesive mucous (e.g. dislodgement resistance). Moreover, we conclude that positive behavioural responses may assist in the adaptation to negative physiological impacts, and that this may also be the case for other benthic organisms. 相似文献
32.
Francesca Passaretta Domenico Bosco Lucia Centurione Maria Antonietta Centurione Fabio Marongiu Roberta Di Pietro 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(7):4350-4355
Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells (hAEC) isolated from term placenta are a promising source for regenerative medicine. However, it has long been debated whether the hAEC population consists of heterogeneous or homogeneous cells. In a previous study, we investigated the characteristics of hAEC isolated from four different regions of the amniotic membrane finding significant heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic differentiation capability of hAEC isolated from these four regions. Human term placentae were collected after caesarean section and hAEC were isolated from four regions of the amniotic membrane (R1-R4, according to their relative distance from the umbilical cord) and treated in hepatic differentiation conditions for 14 days. hAEC-derived hepatocyte-like cells showed marked differences in the expression of hepatic markers: R4 showed higher levels of Albumin and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor (HNF) 4α whereas R1 expressed higher Cytochrome P450 enzymes, both at the gene and protein level. These preliminary results suggest that hAEC isolated from R1 and R4 of the amniotic membrane are more prone to hepatic differentiation. Therefore, the use of hAEC from a specific region of the amniotic membrane should be taken into consideration as it could have an impact on the outcome of therapeutic applications. 相似文献
33.
34.
Graciela De Lara-Isassi Sergio Álvarez-Hernández Ligia Collado-Vides 《Journal of applied phycology》2000,12(1):45-52
Seventy-three species of macroalgae from the Mexican Pacific, Atlantic and Caribbean coast were screened for ichtyotoxic activity.
Ethanolic, acetonic and aqueous extracts were prepared and tested against the fish Carassius auratus. The extracts were classified on the basis of their effects as: toxic if the fish died in two hours or less; moderately toxic,
if the organism behaved abnormally but death did notoccur, and non-toxic if the fish did not display any change. 79% species
were ichtyotoxic to some degree. Extracts of 39 species were toxic, with at least one extract with lethal effects, 19 were
moderately toxic and 15 species were non-toxic. Only the extracts ofDictyota bartayresiana, Dictyota cervicornis,Lobophora variegata, Bryothamnion triquetrum and Laurencia obtusa were toxic in all three solvents. The acetone and ethanol extracts were more active, and therefore are more suitable for
extraction of toxic substances.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
35.
H. Elenga O. Peyron R. Bonnefille D. Jolly R. Cheddadi J. Guiot V. Andrieu S. Bottema G. Buchet J.-L. De Beaulieu A. C. Hamilton J. Maley R. Marchant R. Perez-Obiol M. Reille G. Riollet L. Scott H. Straka D. Taylor E. Van Campo A. Vincens F. Laarif H. Jonson 《Journal of Biogeography》2000,27(3):621-634
Pollen data from 18,000 14C yr bp were compiled in order to reconstruct biome distributions at the last glacial maximum in southern Europe and Africa. Biome reconstructions were made using the objective biomization method applied to pollen counts using a complete list of dryland taxa wherever possible. Consistent and major differences from present‐day biomes are shown. Forest and xerophytic woods/scrub were replaced by steppe, both in the Mediterranean region and in southern Africa, except in south‐western Cape Province where fynbos (xerophytic scrub) persisted. Sites in the tropical highlands, characterized today by evergreen forest, were dominated by steppe and/or xerophytic vegetation (cf. today’s Ericaceous belt and Afroalpine grassland) at the last glacial maximum. Available data from the tropical lowlands are sparse but suggest that the modern tropical rain forest was largely replaced by tropical seasonal forest while the modern seasonal or dry forests were encroached on by savanna or steppe. Montane forest elements descended to lower elevations than today. 相似文献
36.
Sonia Coni Silvia Maria Serrao Zuleyha Nihan Yurtsever Laura Di Magno Rosa Bordone Camilla Bertani Valerio Licursi Zaira Ianniello Paola Infante Marta Moretti Marialaura Petroni Francesca Guerrieri Alessandro Fatica Alberto Macone Enrico De Smaele Lucia Di Marcotullio Giuseppe Giannini Marella Maroder Enzo Agostinelli Gianluca Canettieri 《Cell death & disease》2020,11(12)
37.
André De Troyer 《Journal of applied physiology》2005,98(3):795-803
Changes in intrathoracic pressure produced by the various inspiratory intercostals are essentially additive, but the interaction between these muscles and the diaphragm remains uncertain. In the present study, this interaction was assessed by measuring the changes in airway opening (DeltaPao) or transpulmonary pressure (DeltaPtp) in vagotomized, phrenicotomized dogs during spontaneous inspiration (isolated intercostal contraction), during isolated rectangular or ramp stimulation of the peripheral ends of the transected C(5) phrenic nerve roots (isolated diaphragm contraction), and during spontaneous inspiration with superimposed phrenic nerve stimulation (combined diaphragm-intercostal contraction). With the endotracheal tube occluded at functional residual capacity, DeltaPao during combined diaphragm-intercostal contraction was nearly equal to the sum of the DeltaPao produced by the two muscle groups contracting individually. However, when the endotracheal tube was kept open, DeltaPtp during combined contraction was 123% of the sum of the individual DeltaPtp (P < 0.001). The increase in lung volume during combined contraction was also 109% of the sum of the individual volume increases (P < 0.02). Abdominal pressure during combined contraction was invariably lower than during isolated diaphragm contraction. It is concluded, therefore, that the canine diaphragm and intercostal muscles act synergistically during lung expansion and that this synergism is primarily due to the fact that the intercostal muscles reduce shortening of the diaphragm. When the lung is maintained at functional residual capacity, however, the synergism is obscured because the greater stiffness of the rib cage during diaphragm contraction enhances the DeltaPao produced by the isolated diaphragm and reduces the DeltaPao produced by the intercostal muscles. 相似文献
38.
Lusinete Aciole De Queiroz 《Mycopathologia》1973,51(4):307-314
A new species of the genusEndomycopsis is proposed. It was isolated from waste water, at Montevideo-Uruguay.By its morphological and biochemical proprieties it differs from allEndomycopsis previously described.
Este trabajo fue desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Micologia de la Facultad de Química de Montevideo, Uruguay y en uso de una beca de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco para perfecciobamiento en el estudio de las levaduras. 相似文献
Este trabajo fue desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Micologia de la Facultad de Química de Montevideo, Uruguay y en uso de una beca de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco para perfecciobamiento en el estudio de las levaduras. 相似文献
39.
Isolation of Temperature-Sensitive Membrane Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Johan F. Steenbakkers J. H. F. F. Broekman A. Kerkenaar P. G. De Haan 《Journal of bacteriology》1973,116(2):535-540
Mutants with impaired biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids or altered metabolism of the phospholipids were isolated at a rather high frequency from a set of temperature-sensitive lysis mutants. It is suggested that preselection for the lysis phenotype makes it possible to isolate several kinds of mutants affected in the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. 相似文献
40.
Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Involved in the Response to Abscisic Acid in Maize Coleoptiles 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in controlling growth and developmenthas been studied in maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptile segments.Application of ABA reduces the elongation rate by about 50%and affects ion fluxes. In particular, proton extrusion is decreasedwhile potassium efflux is greatly enhanced. Apparently, ABAdoes not: seem to influence calcium influx from the apoplastinto the cytosol, but more likely it influences its efflux.Alteration of cytosolic calcium concentration may also be obtainedby increasing its release from internal stores. This possibilitymight be sustained by the increased hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositolupon ABA application. Change in the balance of ion fluxes shouldresult from regulation of transport mechanisms at the membranelevel and should produce changes in the transmembrane electricalpotential. The H+- ATPase and the ATP-dependent calcium transportactivities are both influenced by the treatment with ABA, 55%and 40%, respectively. Under these conditions [Ca2+]cytand pHcyt can be modified and, as a consequence of their regulation,they may play an important role in mediating the physiologicaland biochemical effects of ABA, acting as second intracellularmessengers.
1Research supported by National Research Council of Italy, SpecialProject RAISA, Sub-Project N. 2, Paper n. 2782. 相似文献